与船有关的诗词英语古诗中与船有关的句子( 五 ) 与船有关的诗词英语

1）联韵：aabb型。
I shot an arrow into the air,
It fell to earth, I knew not where;
For, so swiftly it flew, the sight
Could not follow it in its flight.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: The Arrow and the Song
2）交叉韵：abab型。
Sunset and evening star,
And one clear call for me!
And may there be no moaning of the bar,
When I put out to sea,
Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892): Crossing the Bar
3）同韵：有的诗押韵，一韵到底，大多是在同一节诗中共用一个韵脚。
如下例就共用／i:p／为韵脚。
The woods are lovely, dark and deep,
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.
Robert Frost (1874-1963): Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
2．头韵：是指一行（节）诗中几个词开头的辅音相同，形成押韵。下例中运用／f／、／b／与／s／头韵生动写出了船在海上轻快航行的景象。
The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,
The furrow followed free,
We were the first that ever burst
Into that silent sea.
T.S. Coleridge: Rime of the Acient Mariner
3．内韵（同元音）：指词与词之间原因的重复形成的内部押韵。
下面一节诗中／i／及／iη／重复照应，呈现出一派欢乐祥和的气氛。
Spring, the sweet spring, is the year’s pleasant king;
Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring,
Cold dath not sting, the pretty birds do sing:
Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!
Thomas Nashe(1567-1601): Spring, the Sweet Spring
三、诗的体式
有的诗分成几节（stanza），每节由若干诗行组成（每行诗均以大写字母开头）；有的诗则不分节。目前我们常见的诗体有：
1．十四行诗 (Sonnet)，源于中世纪民间抒情短诗，十三、十四世纪流行于意大利，意大利彼特拉克（Petrarch）为代表人物，每行十一个音节，全诗一节八行，加一节六行，韵脚用abba, abba, cdcdcd (cdecde) 。前八行提问，后六行回答。
后来，怀亚特（Thomas Wyatt,1503-1542）将十四行诗引人英国，五音步抑扬
格，全诗三个四行一个二行,前三节提问，后二句结论。斯宾塞（Edmund
Spenser,1552-1599）用韵脚 abab, bcbc,cdcd,ee 。莎士比亚（William
Shakespeare,1564-1616）用韵脚abab,cdcd,dfdf,gg，称英国式或莎士比亚式。举
例见本文第四部分。
2．打油诗（Limericks）：通常是小笑话甚至是胡诌，一般没有标题也无作者姓名，含有幽默讽刺性，常运用双关，内韵等手法。每首诗五个诗行，押韵为aabba，格律以抑扬格和抑抑扬格为主。
1) There was a young lady of Nigger
Who smiled as she rode on a tiger;
They returned from the ride
With the lady inside,
And the smile on the face of the tiger.
2) A tutor who taught on the flute
Tried to teach two tooters to toot,
“Is it harder to toot, or
Said the two to the tutor,
To tutor two tooters to toot?”
3．无韵体（Blank Verse）：五音步抑扬格，不押韵诗体。
Across the watery bale , and shout again,
Responsive to his call, -- with quivering peals,
And long halloos, and screams, and echoes loud.
Redoubled and redoubled:concourse wild
Of jocund din!…
William Wordsworth: There Was a Boy
4．自由诗（Free Verse）:现代诗中常见的体式，长短不同的诗行存在于同一首诗中，不讲究押韵与格律，只注重诗歌所表达的意象和传递的情感。美国诗人Walt Whitman的<<草叶集>>（Leaves of Grass）中，就采用此格式。例子见第四部分。
四、诗的评判
对一首诗，个人的感受会有不同。节奏流畅，语言精炼，联想新颖的诗可算是好诗。堆砌词藻，一味抒发感情而无实际内容的诗，只能是下乘的诗。
二十世纪英美诗歌大量采用自由诗体，接近口语，可谓大胆创新，大概也是诗歌发展的大势所趋吧。以下通过三首诗的分析看诗的评判。
1． That Time of Year
That time of year thou may’st in me behold
When yellow leaves,or none,or few, do hang
Upon those boughs which shake against the cold,
Bare ruined choirs where late the sweet birds sang,
In me thou see’st the twilight of such day
As after sunset fadeth in the west,
When by and by black night doth take away,
Death’s second self, that seals up all in rest.
In me thou see’st the glowing of such fire,
That on the ashes of his youth doth lie.
As the deathbed whereon it must expire,
Consumed with that which it was nourished by.
This you perceivest, which makes thy love more strong,
To love that well which thou must leave ere long.
Notes:may’st:may behold:see late:no long ago thou:you see’st:see
fadeth:fades doth:does seals up all at rest:彻底埋葬

与船有关的诗词英语 古诗中与船有关的句子( 五 )

与船有关的诗词英语古诗中与船有关的句子( 五 )